-

我们在使用AJAX来做服务器端和客户端交互的时候,一般的做法是让服务器端返回一段JSON字符串,然后在客户端把它解析成JavaScript对象。

解析时用到的方法一般是eval或者new function,而目前IE8和Firefox3.1又内置了原生的JSON对象(据说会有一定的性能提升)。那我们在实际使用的时候怎样从这三种方法(因为性能问题,不考虑用javascript实现的解析)里面来选择呢?面对众多的浏览器,哪种方式的性能是最好的呢? 

一、测试方法

1、首先指定测试次数及JSON字符串
代码如下:
var count = 10000, o = null, i = 0, jsonString = '{"value":{"items": [{"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}'; 

2、循环解析并记录时间

eval

代码如下:
var beginTime = new Date(); 
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
o = eval( "(" + jsonString + ")" ); 
} 
Console.output( "eval:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 

new Function

代码如下:
var beginTime = new Date(); 
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
o = new Function( "return " + jsonString )(); 
} 
Console.output( "new Function:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 

native

代码如下:
if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { 
var beginTime = new Date(); 
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
o = JSON.parse( jsonString ); } 
Console.output( "native:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
} else { 
Console.output( "native:not support!" ); 
} 

二、测试对象 

选择目前主流的浏览器(不考虑Maxthon一类的外壳),包括IE6、7、8,Firefox2、3、3.1,Chrome,Opera及Safari3、4。 

三、测试环境 

T9300 CPU + 4G RAM + Windows2003,其中IE8使用的是Vista的环境,IE7在另外一台工作机(2G CPU + 2G RAM + Windows2003),考虑到主要是测试浏览器客户端的性能,结果的误差应该能够接受。 

四、测试结果

 

*数值越小越好 
*在当前列中绿色背景的表示性能最好,红色性能最差:

1、Firefox2、3全部垫底,IE6的性能优于IE7(可能和机器不一致有关),Chrome和Safari4的性能远远超出其它浏览器。 
2、不同的浏览器下eval和new Function的性能不一致,总的来说eval更好,但Firefox下new Function的性能是eval的一倍,为了更好的兼容各个浏览器,我们把对JSON的解析单独封装成一个对象来处理: 

wrapper 

代码如下:
var __json = null; 
if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { 
__json = JSON; 
} 
var browser = Browser; 
var JSON = { 
parse: function( text ) { 
if ( __json !== null ) { 
return __json.parse( text ); 
} 
if ( browser.gecko ) { 
return new Function( "return " + text )(); 
} 
return eval( "(" + text + ")" ) 
} 
}; 
var beginTime = new Date(); 
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
o = JSON.parse( jsonString ); } 
Console.output( "wrapper:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 

加入Wrapper后的结果: 


由于涉及到调用对象的开销,封装后JSON对象会比单独调用更慢,但它能保证在各个浏览器下使用最适合的方法。 

五、结论

解析Json字符串时,不同的浏览器选择不同的方法: 
  • IE6、7使用eval 
  • IE8使用原生的JSON对象 
  • Firefox2、3使用new Function 
  • Safari4使用eval 
  • 其它浏览器下eval和new Function的性能基本一致 
Update:

2009.03.23:屏蔽所有Firefox的Add-Ons再进行测试 
由于Known在Firefox下运行代码得到了完全不一致的结果,怀疑是Firefox的插件导致,于是禁掉所有插件后(后来表明几乎由Firebug导致),重新在Firefox2、3下测试了一下,结果如下:


这表明Firefox本身的性能并不是象我们先前测试的那样低,在去掉插件后性能还是很不错。但是没有Firebug一类的插件支持,Firefox对我们的吸引力也大大降低了。 

2009.03.31:循环中每次使用新的json字符串 
根据Oliver的描述,他猜测是由于Safari4和Chrome缓存了eval的结果从而导致它们的测试成绩“虚”高,测试结果证明了他的推测:


从这个结果中我们可以看到,Opera的性能最好,Ie8其次。
主要修改的代码:

代码如下:
//eval 2: var beginTime = new Date(); 
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
o = eval("(" + '{"value":{"items": [{"x":' + i + ',"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}' + ")"); 
} 
Console.output( "eval:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
//new Function 
beginTime = new Date(); 
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
o = new Function("return " + '{"value":{"items": [{"x":' + i + ',"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}')(); 
} 
Console.output( "new Function:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
//native 
if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { 
beginTime = new Date(); 
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
o = JSON.parse('{"value":{"items": [{"x":' + i + ',"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}'); 
} 
Console.output( "native:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
} else { 
Console.output( "native:not support!" ); 
} 
//wrapper 
var __json = null; 
if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { 
__json = JSON; 
} 
var browser = Browser; 
var JSON = { 
parse: function( text ) { 
if ( __json !== null ) { 
return __json.parse( text ); 
} 
if ( browser.gecko ) { 
return new Function( "return " + text )(); 
} 
return eval( "(" + text + ")" ) 
} 
}; 
beginTime = new Date(); 
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
o = JSON.parse('{"value":{"items": [{"x":' + i + ',"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}'); 
} 
Console.output( "wrapper:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) );

附:全部代码

代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> 
<html> 
<head> 
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> 
<title>Parse JsonString</title> 
</head> 
<body> 
<div id="consoleRegion"></div> 
<script type="text/javascript"> 
//yui 
var Browser = function() { 
var o = { 
ie: 0, 
opera: 0, 
gecko: 0, 
webkit: 0 
}; 
var ua = navigator.userAgent, m; 
if ( ( /KHTML/ ).test( ua ) ) { 
o.webkit = 1; 
} 
// Modern WebKit browsers are at least X-Grade 
m = ua.match(/AppleWebKit\/([^\s]*)/); 
if (m&&m[1]) { 
o.webkit=parseFloat(m[1]); 
} 
if (!o.webkit) { // not webkit 
// @todo check Opera/8.01 (J2ME/MIDP; Opera Mini/2.0.4509/1316; fi; U; ssr) 
m=ua.match(/Opera[\s\/]([^\s]*)/); 
if (m&&m[1]) { 
o.opera=parseFloat(m[1]); 
} else { // not opera or webkit 
m=ua.match(/MSIE\s([^;]*)/); 
if (m&&m[1]) { 
o.ie=parseFloat(m[1]); 
} else { // not opera, webkit, or ie 
m=ua.match(/Gecko\/([^\s]*)/); 
if (m) { 
o.gecko=1; // Gecko detected, look for revision 
m=ua.match(/rv:([^\s\)]*)/); 
if (m&&m[1]) { 
o.gecko=parseFloat(m[1]); 
} 
} 
} 
} 
} 
return o; 
}(); 
var Console = { 
consoleRegion: null, 
getRegion: function() { 
if ( this.consoleRegion === null ) { 
this.consoleRegion = document.getElementById( "consoleRegion" ); 
} 
return this.consoleRegion; 
}, 
output: function( text ) { 
this.getRegion().innerHTML += "<br/>" + text; 
} 
}; 
//test code 
var count = 10000, o = null, i = 0, jsonString = '{"value":{"items": [{"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}'; 
//eval 
var beginTime = new Date(); 
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
o = eval( "(" + jsonString + ")" ); 
} 
Console.output( "eval:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
//new Function 
beginTime = new Date(); 
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
o = new Function( "return " + jsonString )(); 
} 
Console.output( "new Function:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
//native 
if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { 
beginTime = new Date(); 
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
o = JSON.parse( jsonString ); 
} 
Console.output( "native:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
} else { 
Console.output( "native:not support!" ); 
} 
//wrapper 
var __json = null; 
if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { 
__json = JSON; 
} 
var browser = Browser; 
var JSON = { 
parse: function( text ) { 
if ( __json !== null ) { 
return __json.parse( text ); 
} 
if ( browser.gecko ) { 
return new Function( "return " + text )(); 
} 
return eval( "(" + text + ")" ) 
} 
}; 
beginTime = new Date(); 
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
o = JSON.parse( jsonString ); 
} 
Console.output( "wrapper:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
//alert( o.value.items[0].z ); 
</script> 
</body> 
</html>